What is Hypospermia?

Hypospermia: Definition, Clinical Manifestations, and Etiology

Definition and Criteria of Hypospermia

Hypospermia is a clinical condition characterized by the consistent secretion of a reduced volume of ejaculate. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, hypospermia is diagnosed when the ejaculate volume is less than 1.5 ml during a single ejaculation. This condition may be associated with various pathologies and traumatic events, potentially leading to male infertility. This section elaborates on the clinical manifestations and etiological factors of hypospermia.

Clinical Manifestations of Hypospermia

Typically, the volume of semen during ejaculation ranges from 1.5 ml to 6 ml. Semen is a composite mixture of various secretions, with seminal fluid as the medium carrying spermatozoa. The primary clinical manifestation of hypospermia is the reduced ejaculate volume. Concurrently, individuals with hypospermia may report diminished sexual satisfaction during ejaculation.

Etiological Factors of Hypospermia

The etiology of hypospermia is multifaceted, arising from a range of conditions or anatomical anomalies. Traumatic events related to physical exertion or surgical procedures may perturb the male reproductive system’s functionality. Furthermore, intrinsic lifestyle patterns and congenital defects can predispose an individual to hypospermia. The predominant causes encompass:

• Retrograde ejaculation (a condition wherein semen refluxes into the bladder during the ejaculatory process).
• Agenesis or absence of seminal vesicles or vas deferens (a congenital etiology).
• Ejaculatory duct obstruction (EDO), which may be either acquired or congenital in origin.
• Blockage of seminal vesicles.
• Endocrine imbalances leading to reduced testosterone synthesis.
• Psychological stress.
• Extended periods of sexual abstinence.
• Detrimental effects of toxins due to chronic alcohol consumption on spermatogenesis.

Clinical Implications and Management of Hypospermia

The pathological alteration in the sperm release mechanism renders hypospermia a primary etiological factor in male subfertility. In addition, the diminished ejaculate volume and associated decrease in sexual satisfaction can adversely impact an individual’s psychological health, potentially causing reduced self-esteem.

The therapeutic approach to hypospermia is contingent on its underlying cause. Interventions may range from surgical procedures and pharmacotherapy to modifications in lifestyle behaviors. Individuals exhibiting signs of hypospermia should consult a reproductive medicine specialist for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.